Name : Adil Fahruzi
Class : 3 DB 01
NPM : 31107899
MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
Mangers perform various functions, but one of the most important and least understood aspects of their job is proper utilization of people. Research reveals that worker performance is closely related to motivation; thus keeping employees motivated is an essential component of good management in a business context, motivation refers to the stimulus that direct the behavior of workers toward the company goals. In order to motivated workers to achieve company goals, managers must beware of their needs.
Many managers believe workers will be motivated to achieve organizational goals by satisfying their fundamental needs for material survival. These needs include a good salary, safe working conditions and job security. While absence of these factors results in poor morale and dissatisfaction, studies have shown that their presence result only in maintenance of existing attitudes and work performance. Although important, salary, working conditions, and job security do not provide the primary motivation for many workers in highly industrialized societies, especially at the professional or technical levels.
Increased motivation is more likely to occur when work meets the needs of individuals for learning, self-realization, and personal growth. By responding to personal needs-the desire for responsibility, recognition, growth, promotion, and more interesting work-managers have altered conditions in the workplace and, consequently, many employees are motivated to perform more effectively.
In an attempt to appeal to both the fundamental and personal needs of workers, innovative management approaches, such as job enrichment and job enlargement, have been adopted in many organizations. Job enrichment gives workers more authority in making decisions related to planning and doing their work. A worker might assume responsibility for scheduling work flow, checking quality of work produced, or making sure deadlines are met. Job enlargement increases the number of tasks workers perform by allowing them to rotate positions or by giving them responsibility for doing several jobs. Rather than assembling just one component of an automobile, factory workers might be grouped together and given responsibility for assembling the entire fuel system.
By improving the quality of work life through satisfaction of fundamental and personal employee needs, managers attempt to direct the behavior of workers toward the company goals.
MANAJEMEN DAN PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA
Banyak manajer berpendapat buruh akan termotivasi untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan dengan memenuhi kebutuhan pokok materi untuk hidup. Kebutuhan ini termasuk gaji yang bagus, kondisi kerja yang aman, dan keamanan pekerjaan. Kalau tidak ada factor itu akan berakibat moral bobrok dan ketidakpuasan, penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mereka ada hasil hanya dalam mempertahankan sikap yang ada dan kinerja yang ada. Walaupun penting, gaji, kondisi kerja, dan keamanan pekerjaan tidak memberikan motivasi utama untuk banyak pekerja di masyarakat industri maju, terutama pada tenaga ahli atau tingkat ahli.
Motivasi meningkat yang mungkin terjadi bila memenuhi sendiri untuk belajar, pengakuan jati diri, dan pengembangan diri. Mengacu kepada kebutuhan perseorangan-keinginan pertanggung jawaban, diakui, berkembang, promosi, dan untuk pekerjaan-manajer mengganti kondisi pada tempat dan, maka dari itu, banyak pegawai termotivasi untuk lebih efektif.
Dalam usaha memenuhi kebutuhan pokok dan kebutuhan pribadi pada buruh, pendekatan manajemen yang inovativ mendekati, seperti itu pengayaan kerja dan perluasan kerja, telah banyak diterapkan di banyak organisasi. Pengayaan kerja memberikan buruh lebih kekuasaan dalam membuat keputusan berhubungan untuk merencanakan dan melakukan pekerjaan mereka. Seorang buruh dapat diberikan tanggung jawab untuk menjadwal alur kerja, mengecek mutu pada hasil kerja, atau membuat pasti tahap akhir. Perluasan kerja meningkatkan nomor pada tugas kerja menyelenggarakan memperbolehkan mereka untuk berputar posisi atau memberikan mereka respon untuk beberapa orang. Daripada memasang hanya satu bagian dari mobil, pabrik buruh tenaga kelompok bersama-sama dan memberi respon untuk memasang seluruh bahan bakar system.
Dengan memperbaiki mutu kehidupan kerja siap memenuhi kebutuhan pokok dan kebutuhan pribadi pegawai, usaha manajer untuk langsung terhadap tujuan buruh kepada perusahaan.
